Reflux and GORD
Table of Contents
Reflux, Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) and Hiatus Hernia: Causes, Symptoms, and Surgical Treatment
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), commonly known as acid reflux, happens when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the oesophagus (food pipe). This can cause irritation, inflammation and discomfort. While occasional heartburn is common, persistent and severe reflux can significantly impact quality of life.
What Causes Reflux?
GORD occurs when the body’s natural anti-reflux mechanisms become weakened, allowing stomach acid to move up into the oesophagus. The lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS), a muscular valve that normally prevents acid from rising, can lose function due to several factors, including:
- Hiatus Hernia: A common condition where part of the stomach slides into the chest through the diaphragm. This weakens the LOS, making reflux more likely.
- Oesophageal Dysmotility: A disorder where the oesophagus doesn’t contract properly, preventing acid from clearing effectively.
- Obesity and Excess Abdominal Pressure: Increased pressure on the stomach can force acid back into the oesophagus, increasing reflux symptoms and contributing to the development of a hiatus hernia.
- Dietary and Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol intake, consuming fatty or spicy foods, and overeating can all worsen acid reflux. This is usually in the context of excessive acid production.
Symptoms of Reflux and Hiatus Hernia
GORD symptoms can vary from mild to severe and are classified as either typical or atypical.
Typical Symptoms:
- Heartburn – A burning sensation behind the breastbone, often worsening after meals or when lying down.
- Regurgitation – A sour or bitter taste in the mouth due to stomach contents refluxing into the throat.
- Dysphagia – Difficulty swallowing, often due to oesophageal irritation or narrowing from chronic acid exposure.
Atypical Symptoms:
- Chest Pain or Ear Pain – Often mistaken for heart-related issues.
- Chronic Throat Problems – Hoarseness, laryngitis, throat pain, or persistent throat clearing.
- Respiratory Symptoms – Chronic cough, asthma-like symptoms, recurrent chest infections, or sinus issues.
- Dental Problems – Acid erosion of tooth enamel, a metallic or burning taste in the mouth, or persistent bad breath.
If left untreated, GORD can lead to complications such as oesophagitis (inflammation of the oesophagus), Barrett’s oesophagus (a precancerous condition), or even oesophageal cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to preventing long-term damage.
Management of Reflux and Hiatus Hernia
For mild to moderate cases, initial treatment focuses on:
- Lifestyle Changes – Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding large meals, reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and elevating the head of the bed can help alleviate symptoms.
- Dietary Modifications – Limiting acidic, spicy, and fatty foods can reduce reflux episodes.
- Medications – Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) help decrease acid production and provide symptom relief.
While these measures work for many, they do not address the underlying anatomical issues, such as a hiatus hernia or a weak LOS. Patients with persistent or severe symptoms despite conservative treatment may benefit from surgical intervention.
When to Seek Specialist Care for Reflux and Hiatus Hernia
If you experience:
- Severe reflux symptoms that persist despite medication
- Frequent regurgitation affecting sleep and daily activities
- Difficulty swallowing or chronic throat irritation
- Unexplained chest pain, persistent cough, or worsening asthma
It is essential to consult a specialist for further evaluation. Surgical intervention may offer a long-term solution, improving your quality of life and reducing the risk of complications.
Schedule a Consultation with Dr. Goutham
Dr. Goutham specialises in minimally invasive surgery for GORD and hiatus hernias, offering comprehensive assessments and tailored treatment plans. Whether through lifestyle modifications or medication, Dr. Goutham provides expert care to help you achieve lasting relief from acid reflux.
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